Intonation Contours in Text-to-Speech Systems Brazil, "Intonation." The Linguistics Encyclopedia, ed. The important point is that, whether this is explicit or not, each formulation amounts to a starting assumption about how the underlying meaning system is organized." There is a rough similarity between the categories referred to in the literature as sense units, breath groups, tone groups, and contours, but the similarities are deceptive and the various ways of further segmenting into nucleus, head, tail, tonic, pre-tonic, etc., compound the differences. "A well-canvassed discrepancy between an American predilection for 'levels' and a British preference for 'tunes' is only one aspect of the differences that exist concerning how the utterance should be segmented for the purpose of describing its intonation. Wennerstrom, The Music of Everyday Speech: Prosody and Discourse Analysis. Should the intonation contour of an entire phrase be interpreted as a single, meaning-bearing unit? Is it possible to identify smaller units as meaningful? Where exactly does a unit start and stop?" To make matters worse, there are even different schools of thought on what counts as a unit in an intonation analysis. Not only are the lay terms different from the linguists' terms, but linguists themselves disagree on terminology. If I wish to talk about syntax, I can feel confident that most audiences will understand words such as 'noun' and 'verb.' However, with intonation, terms such as 'stress,' 'accent,' 'tone,' and 'emphasis' may mean different things to different people.
"One immediate difficulty in consolidating the literature on intonation is the lack of agreement on terminology.Jones, Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach, 3rd ed. (Ron Scollon, Suzanne Wong Scollon, and Rodney H. "The reason intonation contour is so important to spoken discourse cohesion is that participants use their reading of intonation contours in deciding whether or not it is their turn to take over the floor." Any native speaker of English would recognize the difference in meaning among these three intonation patterns, though the exact description of such contours is far from being a simple matter. In the first case, it would be given a questioning intonation in the second case, it would be said with a non-emphatic final intonation contour and in the third case, it would be said with an emphatic intonation contour indicating an imperative. "In all three cases, this same string of words, Finish that report, would be said with quite different overall tone contours. He or she might say, 'Finish that report.' Finish that report.' Now, perhaps, the secretary is talking to his or her assistant who is word processing this same report. He or she might ask, 'Finish that report?' or perhaps the same secretary is telling the boss the list of things he or she planned to do next. "Suppose a secretary would like to know if his or her boss has completed drafting up an important report.
The rest of Hathaway's makeup was subtle: a hint of color on the lips, a precise brow, a swipe of dark eyeliner and a dewy shimmer to reflect the light of a thousand flashbulbs. It's the kind of makeup mastery that totally transforms, not to mention mystifies all who view it. So what was the secret to that super-snatched look, anyway? Instead of hollowing out her cheeks under the cheekbones as is typical of many contouring techniques, Westman moved the placement up ever so slightly and applied the contour on Hathaway's cheekbones to really bring out her stunning bone structure.
Hathaway's cheeks were definitely sculpted to the gods, but still felt soft and radiant. Hathaway's makeup artist Gucci Westman used more subtle bronze and apricot shades to contour the star's cheeks, then swept a similar color across Hathaway's eyes for a seamless flush of color.
#CONTOUR DEFINITION SKIN#
Hathaway looked every bit the royal at the Venice event on May 16 not only was she literally drowning in sparkles and gemstones, but her skin was practically shimmering off my phone screen.
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